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A proxy is also known as a proxy server is software which acts as an intermediary for a client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client would send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would then serve the resource directly for the client. This method is simple to grasp and implement however, the addition of proxy servers can offer benefits like increased speed as well as privacy, security and more. In addition to providing pass-through the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware that is paired with the software for proxy installation is often referred to as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on the proxies that are usually classified as software, as well as in relation to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of two kinds of proxies. One being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own specific application, and is frequently confused because of the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes in terms of their benefits for setups that are common. If you've read the article carefully, you'll discern situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous and choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of the open proxy acts as the representative of a user who would like to send an internet request to the server that originated it. In this situation, all attempts to send requests from the client will instead be directed directly to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client, will examine the request. It will first verify if the client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or redirect it to the origin server. The client does not have an internet connection directly It can only access what the forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxies is to increase privacy or security when surfing the web. A forward proxy accesses the internet as clients, and as such it may utilize an IP address different from the original IP address used by the client.




Depending on the way it's configured the forward proxy will give you a range of options and the capability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in workplaces. When all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy and administrators are able to allow only specific clients to access the internet through a single firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines with varying settings and environment, a firewall can be placed in a forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind to set forward proxy preferences need to be manually set up to permit them to be used for use and reverse proxy servers are unable to be detected by the user. Depending on whether your IP address a user is sent to the origin server via forward proxy, the privacy and security may be granted or not.




There are a variety of alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy choices:




Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not the full webserver system. You can refer to our article on the best method to set up Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better suited for scenarios like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, and takes care of requests from clients on behalf of. Web servers can function as a one server or as a series of servers. It could also serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request comes from a user via the internet at large. The request will typically go directly to the web server that hosts what the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact to the open internet.




From the perspective of a user's the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with the web server directly. It is functionally the same but the client isn't able to tell the distinction. Client makes a request for an item, and receives it, without requiring any additional configuration for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server on the internet is protected centrally.


Directing traffic according to rules you set.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy applications apply this function only for just the Web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls for Web server layers which may include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is aimed towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the responsibility of connecting to firewalls and responding to requests from clients off web servers enables them to concentrate on providing resources.




If there are more than one servers existing with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding which requests go at which server. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, each offering different kinds of resources or a mixture of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They may also use protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is also possible to configure a reverse proxy to route the clients towards specific servers depending on the service requested or to follow certain guidelines regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their position on top of web servers through the capability of caching. The large static files can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request, with some solutions even allowing you to provide static files directly without connecting with the server. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy option. While the Apache web server comes with a reverse proxy function as an additional feature that is available to Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and focused on reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, as well as misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing, as both types of proxies can be used to handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between forward and reverse proxy servers is to look at the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're developing a solution to serve applications that are on the web. They act as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful to have in front clients for personal use or in a professional setting. They represent your client traffic when you are on the internet.




A distinction based on usage rather than looking at the common names can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified what a proxy was along with two types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use and a discussion of the most beneficial features was used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse. If you're interested in learning the ways to use proxies, we suggest you go through our guide on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server on Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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